之前使用Cent OS为主，试试Ubuntu，版本是14.04.2 LTS。
一开始apt-get无法使用，apt-get update一下即可。先是使用apt-get install nginx，很快完成了，service nginx start，启动一切正常。执行apt-cache show nginx，信息发现是1.4的版本。作为版本控，这么老的实在不能忍受。于是service nginx stop，卸载，使用命令sudo apt-get remove –purge nginx，看着还给删了一些依赖库，可能会出问题，估计单remove一下即可。
到nginx官网查看，最新稳定版是1.10.0了，当然得它了。下载下来解压进入目录直接configure，提示缺少pcre库，估计是缺少一些依赖。参考网上的，安装以下东西可以满足接下来nginx和php的所有依赖。当然，configure参数不同，所需要的依赖也不同，百度谷歌一下都有答案的。
apt-get install libgd2-xpm-dev libgeoip-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev libssl-dev openssl libxslt-dev libbz2-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libc-client2007e-dev libmcrypt-dev
如果依然提示mcrypt找不到，估计是apt-get源中没有，执行以下命令即可：
aptitude install libmcrypt-dev
然后再configure，显示如下：
Configuration summary + using system PCRE library + OpenSSL library is not used + md5: using system crypto library + sha1: using system crypto library + using system zlib library nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx" nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules" nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf" nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log" nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log" nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp" nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp" nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp" nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp" nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"
其中的OpenSSL Library is not used，我不太懂，上边也安装了，为何没有用呢，这样是不是无法支持SSL？不管了，就这样安装吧，其实默认配置也挺好的感觉。sudo make && make install，成功。/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx即启动，打开网址即可看到欢迎页。nginx -s quit是平滑退出。这个nginx还有基本的启动关闭命令，php-fpm就没有了，得自己整shell script，比较麻烦。
接着安装PHP 7。官网最新是7.0.6，下载解压后，configure命令是参考网上并适当修改，实测了N次可用。
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-7.0.6 \ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-7.0.6/etc \ --with-config-file-scan-dir=/usr/local/php-7.0.6/etc/php.d \ --with-zlib-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --enable-mbstring \ --with-libxml-dir=/usr \ --enable-soap \ --enable-calendar \ --with-curl \ --with-mcrypt \ --with-zlib \ --with-gd \ --enable-inline-optimization \ --with-bz2 \ --with-zlib \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-sysvsem \ --enable-sysvshm \ --enable-pcntl \ --enable-mbregex \ --enable-exif \ --enable-bcmath \ --with-mhash \ --enable-zip \ --with-pcre-regex \ --with-pdo-mysql \ --with-mysqli \ --with-mysql-sock=/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock \ --enable-mysqlnd \ --with-jpeg-dir=/usr \ --with-png-dir=/usr \ --enable-gd-native-ttf \ --with-openssl \ --with-fpm-user=www-data \ --with-fpm-group=www-data \ --with-libdir=/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu \ --enable-ftp \ --with-kerberos \ --with-gettext \ --with-xmlrpc \ --with-xsl \ --enable-opcache \ --enable-fpm
其中,prefix和confit-file-path，如果二者都不存在，后者必须是前者的子文件夹，切忌不能分别属于不同的文件夹，否则启动php-fpm后不能自动加载后者指定文件夹下的php.ini，除非使用-c参数手动指定。就是犯了这么一个小问题，将prefix写为php-7.0.6，config-file-path写为php7.0.6，不断的恢复磁盘鼓捣了一天！少一个中划线，坑爹至极！这里还指定了mysql-sock，因为之前apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client了，有5.5版本挺新的，不编译安装了，文件太大。然后configure成功，make，make install都没问题了。
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20151012/ Installing PHP CLI binary: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/bin/ Installing PHP CLI man page: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/php/man/man1/ Installing PHP FPM binary: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/sbin/ Installing PHP FPM config: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/etc/ Installing PHP FPM man page: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/php/man/man8/ Installing PHP FPM status page: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/php/php/fpm/ Installing phpdbg binary: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/bin/ Installing phpdbg man page: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/php/man/man1/ Installing PHP CGI binary: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/bin/ Installing PHP CGI man page: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/php/man/man1/ Installing build environment: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/lib/php/build/ Installing header files: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/include/php/ Installing helper programs: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/bin/ program: phpize program: php-config Installing man pages: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/php/man/man1/ page: phpize.1 page: php-config.1 Installing PEAR environment: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/lib/php/ [PEAR] Archive_Tar - installed: 1.4.0 [PEAR] Console_Getopt - installed: 1.4.1 [PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.1.1 [PEAR] XML_Util - installed: 1.3.0 [PEAR] PEAR - installed: 1.10.1 Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/etc/pear.conf You may want to add: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/lib/php to your php.ini include_path /usr/local/src/php-7.0.6/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php-7.0.6/bin ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php-7.0.6/bin/phar Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php-7.0.6/include/php/ext/pdo/
这时却发现nginx给死掉了，难道是版本太新了不稳定？执行sbin/nginx -s reload报错找不到pid文件，或者是数值错误之类的，百度找到解决方案指定配置文件：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
然后执行sbin/nginx可以正常启动。
接下来就是启动php-fpm了，直接运行安装目录下sbin/php-fpm能启动，关闭与重启之类的就没有相应命令，得自己写shell脚本。首先，复制php.ini和php-fpm.conf相应位置。
cp /usr/local/php-7.0.6/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php-7.0.6/etc/php-fpm.conf cp /usr/local/php-7.0.6/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php-7.0.6/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf cp /usr/local/src/php-7.0.6/php.ini-development /usr/local/php-7.0.6/etc/php.ini
也就是把安装目录etc下边的php-fpm.conf.default复制一份，etc/php-fpm.d下的www.conf.default也复制一份，并把源码目录下的php.ini-development复制到相同目录（configure下指定的目录，如果已经有php.ini删除之，因为不知道它是生产环境的配置还是开发环境的，我们需要开发环境的）。然后编辑php-fpm.conf，把第17行#pid = run/php-fpm.pid前边的#去掉，指定pid路径，因为写启动shell脚本需要这个路径。在/etc/init.d/目录下创建名为php-7.0.6-fpm内容如下的一个文件：
#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: php-7.0.6-fpm
# Required-Start: $all
# Required-Stop: $all
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts php-7.0.6-fpm
# Description: starts the PHP FastCGI Process Manager daemon
### END INIT INFO
php_fpm_BIN=/usr/local/php-7.0.6/sbin/php-fpm
php_fpm_CONF=/usr/local/php-7.0.6/etc/php-fpm.conf
php_fpm_PID=/usr/local/php-7.0.6/var/run/php-fpm.pid
php_opts="--fpm-config $php_fpm_CONF"
wait_for_pid () {
try=0
while test $try -lt 35 ; do
case "$1" in
'created')
if [ -f "$2" ] ; then
try=''
break
fi
;;
'removed')
if [ ! -f "$2" ] ; then
try=''
break
fi
;;
esac
echo -n .
try=`expr $try + 1`
sleep 1
done
}
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting php-fpm "
$php_fpm_BIN $php_opts
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
fi
wait_for_pid created $php_fpm_PID
if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
stop)
echo -n "Gracefully shutting down php-fpm "
if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
exit 1
fi
kill -QUIT `cat $php_fpm_PID`
wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID
if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
echo " failed. Use force-exit"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
echo " done"
fi
;;
force-quit)
echo -n "Terminating php-fpm "
if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
exit 1
fi
kill -TERM `cat $php_fpm_PID`
wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID
if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reload service php-fpm "
if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
exit 1
fi
kill -USR2 `cat $php_fpm_PID`
echo " done"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload}"
exit 1
;;
esac
脚本都通用的，就是需要把### END INIT INFO下边那三个路径改一下即可（说明文件这些不重要）。然后执行
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-7.0.6-fpm update-rc.d php-7.0.6-fpm defaults
其中前一句是添加执行权限，后一句是加入开机启动，不需要不用执行。这样/etc/init.d/php-7.0.6-fpm start即可启动php-fpm。执行/usr/local/php-7.0.6/bin/php -v信息如下：
PHP 7.0.6 (cli) (built: May 16 2016 19:30:47) ( NTS ) Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies
最后，添加nginx解析PHP功能。先是修改默认的 location 块，使其支持 .php 文件：
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
下一步配置来保证对于 .php 文件的请求将被传送到后端的 PHP-FPM 模块， 取消默认的 PHP 配置块的注释，并修改为下面的内容：
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
重启nginx，/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload，在/usr/local/nginx/html目录下写一个info.php来输出phpinfo()即可。
参考链接：
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000004123048
http://php.net/manual/zh/install.unix.nginx.php
http://jcutrer.com/howto/linux/how-to-compile-php7-on-ubuntu-14-04
https://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-use-multiple-php-versions-php-fpm-and-fastcgi-with-ispconfig-3-ubuntu-12.04-lts-p3